Pregnancy: Conception – Maternity – Trimester
Semen analysis: how to read results and common abnormalities

Semen analysis: how to read results and common abnormalities

What a semen analysis is, and what it is not A semen analysis is a laboratory test that evaluates the ejaculate. It typically measures semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, motility, morphology, pH, liquefaction, viscosity, and sometimes the presence of round cells, white blood cells, agglutination, or antisperm antibody-related findings. It is commonly used […]

Sperm morphology and abnormal sperm shape impact

Sperm morphology and abnormal sperm shape impact

What sperm morphology means Sperm morphology is the microscopic assessment of sperm shape. A typical sperm has an oval head containing genetic material, an acrosome that helps the sperm interact with the egg, a midpiece rich in mitochondria for energy production, and a long tail that supports forward movement. During semen analysis, trained laboratory personnel […]

Sperm motility and factors affecting sperm movement

Sperm motility and factors affecting sperm movement

What sperm motility means Sperm motility is a core component of semen quality. In practical terms, it asks: how many sperm are moving, how well are they moving, and are they moving in a direction that could support fertilization? A semen sample may contain millions of sperm, but if a substantial proportion are immotile or […]

Sperm count: normal ranges, low count, and causes

Sperm count: normal ranges, low count, and causes

What sperm count measures In everyday language, “sperm count” often refers to how many sperm are present in a semen sample. In laboratory reporting, two related numbers are especially important. Sperm concentration is the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. Total sperm number is the estimated number of sperm in the whole ejaculate, calculated […]

Male fertility basics: how it works, sperm production, and key factors

Male fertility basics: how it works, sperm production, and key factors

What male fertility requires For conception to occur, the male reproductive contribution must meet several biological requirements. The testes need to produce enough functional sperm; sperm must mature and travel through the epididymis and vas deferens; accessory glands must contribute fluid to semen; and ejaculation must deposit semen near the cervix during the fertile window. […]