A–Z Glossary

Receptive language

The language a child understands when listening or reading, such as words, directions, and questions.

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When babies say first words by month

When babies say first words by month

What counts as a first word? A first word is usually a consistent vocalization that a baby uses intentionally to refer to a person, object, action, or social routine. It does not have to be pronounced clearly. For example, a baby who repeatedly says “ba” while reaching for a bottle may be using an early […]

First Gestures Before Spoken Words

First Gestures Before Spoken Words

Why Gestures Come Before Words Spoken language requires several capacities to coordinate: auditory perception, comprehension, symbolic representation, respiratory and vocal control, and precise oral-motor sequencing. Gestures draw heavily on visual attention, body movement, and social learning, so they may become meaningful before speech is physically and cognitively ready. A baby may understand a request or […]

Language development activities baby

Language development activities baby

How babies begin to communicate During the first year, language development is a gradual progression from regulation and social attention to increasingly intentional communication. Newborns listen to the prosody, or rhythm and intonation, of speech and may quiet or orient toward a familiar voice. Over the following months, babies often become more alert to faces, […]

Talking to baby activities

Talking to baby activities

Why talking with a baby matters Babies begin learning about communication long before they say recognizable words. During an interaction, they process prosody, the rhythm and pitch patterns of speech, as well as pauses, repetition, volume, and emotional tone. They also integrate auditory information with visual and social cues, such as a caregiver’s gaze, facial […]

Reading to baby benefits

Reading to baby benefits

How reading supports early language development In the first year, babies are building perceptual and neural foundations for communication. They are learning to distinguish speech sounds, recognize familiar voices, notice stress and intonation, and connect repeated sounds with people, objects, and routines. Reading aloud provides a concentrated stream of language that is usually more varied […]

Singing and communication activities

Singing and communication activities

Why singing communicates before words Communication begins before a baby uses recognizable words. Infants exchange information through gaze, facial expression, body movement, crying, cooing, babbling, and changes in arousal. Singing naturally organizes many of these signals into a predictable social event. The caregiver’s voice carries prosody, meaning the rhythm, pitch, stress, and intonation that help […]

Communication skills in children

Communication skills in children

What communication skills include in childhood In clinical terms, communication includes receptive language, expressive language, speech production, and pragmatics. Receptive language is what a child understands. Expressive language is what a child can say, sign, or otherwise convey. Pragmatics refers to the social use of language: taking turns, staying on topic, adjusting tone, and using […]

How children learn to communicate

How children learn to communicate

Communication starts before first words Communication skills development is deeply social. Newborns cry to signal discomfort, and over the first months they begin to quiet to familiar voices, gaze at faces, and respond to rhythm and tone. These early exchanges are not just emotional; they help organize attention and lay the groundwork for language learning. […]

Improving communication skills kids

Improving communication skills kids

Why communication grows through everyday talk Children do not learn communication from a single lesson. They build it through thousands of small exchanges: a parent naming an object, a caregiver waiting for a response, a sibling negotiating a turn, or a teacher inviting an opinion. These exchanges support receptive language, expressive language, and pragmatic skills, […]