Baby: Infant – Newborn – Toddler
Paced bottle feeding explained

Paced bottle feeding explained

What paced bottle feeding means Paced bottle feeding is a method of offering milk that allows the infant to regulate the rhythm of the feed. The baby is held relatively upright, the bottle is kept almost horizontal rather than tipped steeply downward, and the caregiver periodically lowers or removes the bottle to create a pause. […]

How to bottle feed a baby correctly

How to bottle feed a baby correctly

Prepare before offering the bottle Begin by choosing a quiet moment and making sure you can remain with the baby throughout the feed. Have the bottle ready according to the instructions for the specific milk being offered. When using infant formula, follow the product label and the preparation guidance provided by your healthcare professional or […]

Burping mistakes to avoid

Burping mistakes to avoid

What burping is meant to do Burping, or eructation, is the release of gas from the upper gastrointestinal tract. In babies, that gas commonly consists of air swallowed during breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. Swallowing some air is normal because infants are still developing coordinated suck-swallow-breathe patterns, and their feeding technique can change with hunger, fatigue, nasal […]

What if baby does not burp

What if baby does not burp

A missing burp is often not a problem Burping is a way of expelling air swallowed during feeding. It is not a required physiological event after every feed. Infants vary in how much air they swallow because of differences in latch, milk flow, feeding coordination, bottle design, and individual anatomy. A baby who has not […]

How often to burp baby

How often to burp baby

There is no fixed burping schedule The answer to how often to burp a baby is individualized. The NHS explains that there are no exact rules: some babies need to burp during a feed, whereas others may only need an opportunity afterward. A baby may swallow more air during a rapid feed, an inefficient latch, […]

Best burping positions for babies

Best burping positions for babies

Why burping may help Babies can swallow air while feeding, particularly if they are crying, feeding rapidly, having difficulty maintaining a seal, or drinking from a bottle. Air in the stomach may contribute to temporary fullness, fussiness, squirming, or an early end to a feed. Burping provides an opportunity for some of that air to […]

How to burp a baby correctly

How to burp a baby correctly

Why babies may need to burp Infants can swallow air while sucking, particularly if the latch is changing, milk flow is rapid, the bottle teat is not fully filled with milk, or the baby is crying before feeding. Swallowed air may distend the stomach and contribute to fussiness, wriggling, arching, pulling the legs up, or […]

Feeding on demand vs schedule

Feeding on demand vs schedule

What feeding on demand means Feeding on demand, also called cue-based or responsive feeding, means offering breast milk or infant formula when the baby shows signs of hunger rather than waiting for a predetermined interval. The parent observes the infant’s behavioral state and responds to early cues. These may include stirring, hand-to-mouth movements, rooting, lip […]

How to respond to feeding cues

How to respond to feeding cues

What feeding cues communicate Feeding cues are observable behaviours associated with hunger, satiation, or a need to regulate the feeding interaction. Research on the first two years of life shows that these signals change with age and development. A young infant may use movements of the mouth, hands, head, and body, whereas an older infant […]

How pumping affects milk supply

How pumping affects milk supply

The physiology of milk production Milk production is regulated by endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. During pregnancy and after placental delivery, hormonal changes, including a fall in progesterone and continued prolactin activity, enable lactogenesis, the process of establishing milk secretion. Once lactation is underway, repeated milk removal becomes a major determinant of ongoing production. When an […]