A–Z Glossary

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and may cause sudden breathlessness, chest pain, or coughing blood.

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Emergency evaluation and hospital admission criteria

Emergency evaluation and hospital admission criteria

Why emergency evaluation is different in pregnancy Pregnancy alters blood volume, heart rate, respiratory mechanics, gastrointestinal function, and pain patterns. Those physiologic changes can make it harder to tell whether a symptom is benign or the early sign of a serious event. For example, nausea may be common in early pregnancy, but persistent vomiting with […]

Risks of C-section for mother and baby

Risks of C-section for mother and baby

Why risk discussion matters A cesarean section is not simply an alternative way to give birth; it is an operation involving incisions through the abdominal wall and uterus, anesthesia, blood-loss management, and postoperative recovery. For many pregnancies, it is the safest route of birth because of placenta previa, fetal distress, abnormal fetal position, some multiple […]

Risks of emergency cesarean

Risks of emergency cesarean

What makes an emergency cesarean different A cesarean section is a major abdominal and uterine operation. In a planned C-section before labor, the team usually has time to confirm fasting status, review laboratory results, prepare blood if needed, choose anesthesia deliberately, and discuss the sequence of events. An emergency C-section during labor is different because […]