A–Z Glossary

Placental insufficiency

Placental insufficiency is when the placenta is underperforming and may not support the baby well enough.

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Placental calcification and aging

Placental calcification and aging

What placental calcification means Placental calcification refers to deposits of mineral salts, mainly calcium-phosphate, within placental tissue. On ultrasound, these deposits can appear as bright, echogenic areas or lines, sometimes described in relation to placental “grading.” At the microscopic level, calcification may be found in areas of trophoblastic tissue, fibrin deposition, or regions where placental […]

Miscarriage risk first trimester and complication risks later

Miscarriage risk first trimester and complication risks later

Why the first trimester carries the highest miscarriage risk Most spontaneous miscarriages occur in the first trimester, usually before 13 weeks. That timing reflects biology, not failure. Early pregnancy is a period of rapid embryonic development, implantation, placental formation, and organogenesis. During this phase, the embryo is especially vulnerable to major genetic errors, and a […]

Delivery options for large baby small baby and premature birth

Delivery options for large baby small baby and premature birth

Shared decision-making when fetal size or prematurity changes the plan Delivery route decision-making is rarely based on a single ultrasound estimate. Clinicians integrate the whole clinical picture: gestational age, fetal presentation, placental location, amniotic fluid, fetal heart rate pattern, cervical readiness, maternal pelvis and obstetric history, prior caesarean or uterine surgery, diabetes status, hypertensive disease, […]